Jacob Ward Portfolio



Crawlspace
Crawlspace Habitats is a small design venture my roommates and I started after one of them, an avid ant keeper, noticed that high-quality, modular ant nests were difficult to find from U.S. suppliers. We used this challenge as an opportunity to explore advanced fabrication workflows through the lens of formicarium design. Our goal is to build modular, durable ant habitats using CAD modeling, mold development, and additive manufacturing processes.
Nest Fabrication Process
Ultracal 30, a type of gypsum cement, was chosen for the nests because its natural moisture-wicking properties create a stable humidity gradient, allowing the ants to regulate their environment by selecting chambers with their preferred moisture level. To manufacture Ultracal 30 nests with consistent geometry and surface detail, we designed a two-stage molding workflow. First, we created a 3D-printed “mold for a mold” that defines the final nest shape, incorporating draft angles for easier mold removal and textured inner surfaces, applied in Blender, for ant traction. This piece was then filled with two-part silicone to produce a flexible production mold that can withstand repeated casting cycles. Once cured, the silicone captures every detail of the textured chamber walls and floor, allowing the Ultracal 30 to be poured and demolded cleanly while preserving fine features. This approach provides reliable dimensional accuracy, reduces release issues, and makes the manufacturing process scalable for small-batch production. After the nests are made, they are inserted into a 3D-printed case with a water well in one corner to slowly hydrate the Ultracal 30 via a small drain hole at the bottom of a loft extrude. A piece of laser cut acrylic is secured above it, press fit into a 3D-printed lid that is screwed into the case.





Design Features
The design uses a set of sliding doors and TPU snap-fit keys to manage colony movement and modular expansion. Each nest and outworld includes four sliding doors with detents that lock them securely in either the open or closed position. To connect components, we designed flexible, keyhole-shaped TPU connectors that snap into matching slots on the cases. These connectors can be engaged from the side or from above, enabling users to tile multiple nests and outworlds in any configuration with the help of the grip indents in two of the non-well corners. The inner circle of the keyhole is also compatible with standard 3/8" OD tubing for moving ants from non-Crawlspace nests.